Back - winter pruning, which determines the location of future shoots and their density;
- thinning, which affects the density of the shoots;
- summer pruning, which shortens the length of the shoots;
- Shoot devigoration, which aims to reduce the length of shoots and the leaf area.
- Shoot positioning: this determines where the shoots are located.
- Leaf removal, which should normally be carried out in the cluster zone.
- trellis system: changes to this system in order to increase the canopy surface area and reduce canopy density.